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From sentto-2242572-60402-1038998187-jm=jmason.org@returns.groups.yahoo.com Wed Dec 4 11:58:13 2002
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Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 10:36:17 -0000
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Subject: [zzzzteana] University boom creates era of sexual tolerance
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The Times
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December 04, 2002
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University boom creates era of sexual tolerance
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By Helen Rumbelow
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THE boom in university education has led to a sea change in Britain<69>s
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tolerance of homosexuality, according to a report. Just under half the people
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now believe that homosexuality is always or mostly wrong, down from three
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quarters 15 years ago, according to the British Social Attitudes survey,
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regarded as one of the best indicators of popular opinion.
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That trend is mirrored by the attitude towards ethnic minorities, with 75 per
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cent of people now saying they are not at all racially prejudiced, compared
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with 60 per cent in 1987.
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Geoffrey Evans, a politics professor at Oxford University, decided to focus on
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what has caused Britain to become more open-minded in a report published
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today. The study, from the National Centre for Social Research, is based on
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interviews with a cross-section of 3,500 people.
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Young people are much more tolerant than their elders, with a quarter of
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twentysomethings believing that homosexual sex is always wrong, compared with
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two thirds of pensioners.
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But the key to converting a bigot is to send him or her to college, with
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graduates twice as accepting of homosexuals as those with no GCSEs, and a
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third less racist.
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That transformation happened no matter what social class the student came from
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and, with 41 per cent of young people now attending university, it was a
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powerful social effect, Professor Evans said.
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<20>Mr Blair<69>s famous mantra <20>education, education, education<6F> seems far less
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consequential now than when first announced in 1997, as Britain struggles with
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an overburdened health service and the reality that as more and more people
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get degrees, degrees buy less and less,<2C> he said.
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<20>But the growth of higher education can provide a bulwark against the
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undermining of liberal democracy through intolerance,<2C> he added.
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He decided to see whether the tolerance conferred by schooling was just
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<20>political correctness<73> by testing how many civil rights the educated would
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give to an unattractive minority: white supremacists.
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Again, people scored higher the longer they had spent at school and
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university, with nearly two thirds of graduates saying that white supremacists
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should have the right to give television interviews or stand in elections,
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three times as many as those with no qualifications.
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It is not clear why those with higher education are more tolerant, the report
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says, adding that it may be simply because university students have increased
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contact with alternative points of view.
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Professor Evans also looked at whether the young may grow out of their
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idealism, but found the opposite to be true.
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Thirtysomethings were more than twice as likely to say there was nothing wrong
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with homosexuality as they were when they were in their early twenties. He
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said that as these groups of more educated young people replaced the older
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generation, Britain would become an ever more relaxed place.
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Soft drugs have also grown in widespread acceptability, with more than half
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the country wanting cannabis to be legalised, compared with a third seven
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years ago. That is probably because the use of cannabis is now so widespread,
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with a quarter of those surveyed saying that they had tried it.
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A third of Labour voters, twice as many as Conservatives, had tried the drug,
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and being young, living in London and having a degree also increased the
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chances.
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One issue that bucks the trend is hard drugs. Most take a strong position on
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heroin that has got stronger over the past seven years. Now the proportion of
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people who believe that heroin dealers should always be prosecuted has crept
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up to 97 per cent.
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<20>The views on heroin show that Britain is by no means becoming a liberal
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free-for-all,<2C> Alison Park, co-director of the study, said. <20>People are making
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quite a clear distinction between what they think (of) as right and wrong.<2E>
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On other matters, the survey indicates that almost half those questioned think
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that most of the social security budget goes on unemployment benefits <20> in
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fact, they account for 6 per cent; that union membership has fallen by a fifth
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in the past 18 years, with just under a third of workers in a union; and that
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half those questioned oppose secondary school selection. In 1984 the figure
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was 40 per cent.
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The survey also indicates that 19 per cent of men aged between 25 and 34 live
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with their parents, twice as many as women.
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